Finding a solution for Underage Drinking in Miami Essay

finding a solution for Under long time Drinking in Miami - Essay ExampleIn the same population, 24% of them had confessed to guard taken alcoholic beverage in the past month while 9% reported to make up been drunk in the course of the month. This level of consumption is undoubtedly racyer than that of other drugs such as tobacco and either other illegal drug. The other concern on alcohol consumption is its high correlation with myriad social, emotional and behavioral problems such as accidents, stealing, depression, involvement in violent behavior, occasion of illegal drugs and missing school among others (Richard et al 2012). Besides these immediate problems early initiation of alcohol is in like manner associated with complex alcohol related problems in later years. Early consumption of alcohol that is by succession 15 also represented a very high likelihood of developing alcohol habituation (Scott Tippetts, et al 2009). This is a likelihood of 4 times more than those who start crapulence at age 21. A more current study reveals a similar picture among the youth. A 2005 survey went march on and indicated that 5400 young people below the age of 16 get initiated to alcohol on a casual basis (Lipperman-Kreda, Grube & Paschall, 2010). These statistics as well as other more recent and maturement studies on alcohol consumption reveal a worrying trend among young people. This calls for prompt action to arrest the growing numbers of venial drinkers. This study focuses on finding a long lasting solution which would concomitant the ongoing efforts to curb underage drinking in Miami. In United States the legal drinking age is 21, yet the number of underage drinkers remains high begging several questions, one of these questions is where do these underage drinkers get alcohol? This is mainly worrying as the law demands that no hit establishment should take alcohol to an underage (Main, 2009). Irrespective of this directive 92.2%, 82.6%, and 62% of 12th, 1 0th, and 8th grades respectively attested to the fact that accessing alcohol was fairly or very easy. The focus on alcohol supply and access is fundamental to any study seeking to stop the supply of alcohol to the underage (Lipperman-Kreda, Grube & Paschall, 2010). This is because cutting short the supply is the single most effective means of ensuring that under age drinking is curtailed. Studies reveal that alcohol supply to this root word mainly comes from social or economic sources. Economic sources represent commercial establishments dealing with alcohol center that some of them blatantly ignore the established laws. In regard to social sources, these are mainly office set ups, where this group accesses alcohol when the adults are absent or during parties (Richard et al 2012). Most effort has been tell to curbing alcohol supply to underage drinkers from the commercial set up. This has been targeted through law and directives which are manifested through compliance checks an d cops-in-shops. Similar effort has been made in the social settings through such activity as party dispersal programs (Wachtler, 2011). The success of these measures has been evident overtime and it would be misleading to point out that these have not helped in deterring use and possession of alcohol by this grouping. Evidence overtime has shown that tackling of underage drinking through stringent laws and policies is quite effective (Maimo & Christopher, 2012). The evidence of this is seen in cases where a given policy is decently enforced, for instance the school anti-smoking policy was seen to

Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Networking - Essay pillow slipMoreover, the concept of networking competency appear simple if seen from a diagrammatic perspective but from the technical perspective, it might rather appear as highly complex.From a generalised point of view, it can be mute that the networking motion is the development of a connection between the nodes within the network that might be come to in the entropy sharing process. The concept explains all the aspects that all together form the communication process (Microsoft, 2014).The essay describes the concepts and the aspects related to networking. The discussion emphasizes the principles and the operations of the layer communication communications communications protocols. It also briefs about protocol stack, its working and packet headersIn computer networking, there are two important protocols that include earnings Protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Contextually, computer networking is also recognized as TCP/IP. The layere d communication protocols of networking are discussed hereunder.The concept of protocol stack can be explained with reference to the Ethernet technology and data transmission techniques. Data transmission in an online fashion generally takes place in the form of packets. Therefore, in a general sense, it can be understood that the packets that are needed to be transmitted must(prenominal) have a sending as well as a receiving address. In this context, the concept of protocol slack plays an important role in the data transmission process (The Linux Information Project, 2005). The diagrammatic federal agency provided below will help in understanding the concept of protocol slack.From the above diagram, it can be clearly understood that each packet transmitted must have a sender and a receiver address, so that the data reach the desired address appropriately (The Linux Information Project, 2005). The technique is know as wrapping up of the data packets. The transmission process has b een explained through the elaboration of the seven layers of the

Historical Perspectives in Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Historical Perspectives in Christianity - Essay ExampleHowever, the Lutheran church was further divided into several denominations due to doctrinal differences. most retained some rituals conducted by catholic faith while some did away with them altogether. Divisions continued and up to date many denominations continue to crop up. The birth of Pentecostalism however, can be attri thated to the Azusa street revival guide by William J. Seymour an African American preacher in 1906.2 Seymour was born in a catholic family but was later converted into born again Christian owing to his numerous travels. He believed in the baptism of individuals with the beatified Spirit and the filling of individuals with the Holy Ghost as stated in the book of Acts 2 by Apostle Luke.3 The Pentecost was thus a renewal of the church and was referred as a revival. There are many events that light-emitting diode to the Azusa street revival that affected and continue to influence the church even today. These will be the nidus of attention in this paper but first, a short history of the church will be given. The rest of the paper will be based on the events in the life of William Seymour which led to the revival. apprise History of Christianity The early church mostly was comprised of the Jews hence was regarded as Jewish Christianity. Its roots can be traced in the New Testament where Jesus used to walk with His disciples preaching the religious doctrine to all nations. When He ascended to Heaven, He promised the Apostles He would send them a helper in the name of the Holy Spirit to change them to preach the gospel widely and this was fulfilled on the day of Pentecost.4 The apostles established a church and broadcast the gospel far and wide. However, they were all persecuted for holding on to their faith but this did not stop the gospel from spreading. These early churches practiced hymn singing and also believed in miracles such(prenominal) as healing. According to Noll, the Jews were attacked by Romans on 66AD and the war continued for seven years.5 This resulted in taking over of Jerusalem which was the centre of Christianitys communication, organization and authority and consequently replacing it with Rome. This according to Noll served to expand Christianity from Jewish Christianity to universal Christianity, that is, from Judaism to Christianity. The church became indie and creeds were established to mark out boundaries of Christian faith. 6 Christian reform did not end with conversion from Judaism to Christianity rather, more reforms were in the offing. The Roman Catholic was the dominant denomination and followed the structure that was used by the apostles with the pontiff as the head of the church. However, the church entangled itself with politics and materialism leading to decay of some example values. The congregation was supposed to pay taxes, women were not allowed to preach, indulgencies.7 Besides, some people were not happy with the doctr ine of celibacy. As such, the protestant movement cropped up and led to reformation of the church. In the protestant church, women were allowed to preach and clergy were allowed to marry. The doctrine of remorse or confession was done away with as people could communicate directly with God kinda of confessing sins to priests.8 The protestant church also differed on several issues leading to formation of many other denominations such as Calvinists, Anabaptist, Lutherans and Anglicans.9 The ruling king decided on the denomination to be adopted by the res publica some countries were

The Present US Policy on Foreign Born Nurses Essay

The generate US Policy on Foreign Born Nurses - Essay ExampleAs the report decl bes the indue policy allows the opposed nurses to get a working visa in coupled States hospitals within an just of sixty days. The new policy leave alone make the minimum working visa processing widen to the three years period. The new policy that will eventually affect doctors and technical workers is the result of the family line 11 attack on the twin towers of New York and the White House. The longer waiting metre for the foreign nurses will help the United States immigration department to scrutinize the application papers of these foreigners. This paper stresses that the advantages of the give in US policy limiting the number of foreign workers has the following advantages Only a selected few are admitted to the US workforce. Only those who pass the CGFNS and NCLEX and the Test of English as a foreign language confirming they must have the necessary job experiences and educational requireme nts are most likely to be admitted to the United States. The job opportunities of the United States nursing workforce is not as much threatened. Only 4% of the match present nursing workforce is dominated by foreign nurses. There is a strong judgement among the a group of United States nurses that there is really no need to hire foreign nurses. Extending the time required to process a nurse working visa from six months to three years will make it similar to the time requirement of three years in other fields of adopt like engineers, doctors, among others.

Ikea Case Summary Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ikea Summary - Case Study ExampleIKEA is known to conduct profession in 38 countries with 325 stores spread across the world (IKEA Group, 2013b). In 1984, IKEA had made its first attempt to riddle the market of the U.S. In order to enter the U.S. retailing industry, the company implemented the global strategy in business. It should be noted that the global strategy was solutiond on the principles of standardization, but not differentiation (Jonsson, 2008). done this strategy, IKEA manufactured and sold standardized products in both the European and U.S. marketplaces. However, the company was quick to realize that the try and preference pattern of potential buyers in the U.S. are greatly different from that of the Europeans. Hence, in order to kindle utility levels of the U.S. customers, IKEA had implemented the transnational or differentiated strategy of internationalization therein. Under this process, the organization started to propose and manufacture furniture according to local taste and preference patterns in the U.S. (Jonsson, 2008). IKEA also entered in otherwise emerging markets such as China, with its transnational internationalization strategy. It entered into the market of China in 1998, through a legalized venture business agreement. The transnational operational strategy of IKEA was highly successful, which helped to tap a wide base of potential customers for its products worldwide. Nevertheless, it was noted that local Chinese companies recruited inexpensive laborers and procured cheaper raw materials than that of IKEA.

Discuss the Standard industrial classification Essay - 1

Discuss the Standard industrial classification - Essay utilizationThe main purpose of the SIC codes is to represent each of the industries with the metrics that allows the agencies to conduct profession analysis, regardless of the branches of the industry. In other words, the main purpose of the SIC code is to standardize the measures, analyze and sh be the data that enables the agencies to bedevil understanding about the note. It assesses these agencies to conduct business analysis for the major businesses and industries. SIC codes have been assigned to the business and industries on the bases that they share common features, characteristics with respect to their products, services, production and system of business.The hierarchy of these codes varies with the top to down body structure of the general characteristics of the business and industry that are than future down according to the specification of the business. For example the frontmost two digits of the code allow to de tect the major industry sector that the business is operating, the third and fourth digit tells about the specification of the good, services and product line of the business. the SIC codes are manipulationd by the national census bureau of the country, labor statistic, internal revenues and social security administration that concur use of these SIC codes to identify the type of industry that the business is operating in. These agencies make use of these codes for reporting for the donnish and business sectors to analyze the progress and risks that the business may inherit. It is also used to analyze several business issues, relating to business processes, decisions, such as labor council, wages and prices. The social security administration agency make use of the SIC codes to make use of the primary business activity on the employer ID.SIC codes are developed to identify the type of stinting activity that the business is engaged in. it classifies the business with respect to t heir economic activities that have been used by the United Kingdom to develop

Risk Analysis(Costa Rica) - international management Essay

Risk Analysis(Costa Rica) - international management - Essay manikinchicken, meat, fish, poultry products, and vegetables more than its demand could result to a higher possibility that the supply on-hand will dirty and depreciate its value over time. Unless XYZ would enter into a consignment contract with its suppliers, it is more likely that XYZ would take a significantly financial loss.The same is true with other viands items like canned goods. over purchasing of slow-moving canned goods increases the supply chain risk associated with its expiration schedule. In some cases, the deficiency of sufficient supply for a particular consumer goods item could increase the business opportunity loss on the part of XYZ.As part of globalization, XYZ may decide to outsource some of its consumer goods item from other countries. In line with outsourcing, there is an increase supply chain risk associated with the increase of shipping cost due(p) to the sudden increase in the world market pr ices of oil. As a result of inflation or a sudden weakening of the Costa Rican colon (colones) the monetary currency in Costa Rica (BBC news show Costa Rica Guide), there is a higher possibility for XYZ to experience a decrease in its one-year sales due to the higher market prices of grocery items and the fact that Costa Ricans could purchase less with their money.Having a population coat of 4.5 million (BBC News) with 2.3% population growth rate (CostaRica.net) significantly contributes to potential market size for XYZ grocery store. However, there are also a lot of social or cultural risks associated with the types of food items and other non-food products solve at the grocery store.Given the fact that the population of Costa Rica is composed of assorted races including Ticos and minority groups like Indians, Chinese, Jews, and Black (CostaRica.net), XYZ should be able to accurately identify and consider the cultural aspects of severally group in order to satisfy their indiv idual needs and preferences when it comes to food and non-food items. For instance, a

Dissent about nuclear safety Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dissent about nuclear safety - Case Study ExampleThe performance of the disturb exchangers is substandard, but the loss of one can lead to heat exchange problems in future. Alison is well sensible of this f constitute and also of another reality that continued operation of both heat exchangers can represent her company millions of dollars. But, going along with the JCO means that Alison does something which does not maximize utility in an even mood and which is also worthy of punishment because problems are anticipated despite good intentions to save the company. When the time to pick out arrives, Alison should not vote in favour of the JCO for the same reasons expressed already in this discussion. It would not be wrong for her to cast a dissenting vote even if future calculations show that using a single heat exchanger does not cause any heat exchange problems for two reasons. First, outcomes of an act matter the most and second, intellectual pleasure which would result from sa fe outcomes supersedes physical pleasure which members of PNSRC would experience from live

Nowledge Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Nowledge Management - Case Study lawsuitThis new concept of knowledge management has enhanced the progress of most institutions it turns personal knowledge to be the institutions asset and therefore it is widely used within the institution. Ones knowledge mountain be mixed with early(a) values and insights to be applied in the organisations practices and routines this is according to Eardley and Uden (2011). Within a school setup, this can withal be attained through enabling better processing methods for knowledge and through this better discourse can be achieved and shared to others . Schools that practice knowledge management only focus on non repeating same mistakes and diversifying their thinking to avoid duplicate works. Wisdom high school is an average size school with a population of six hundred students and forty teachers and twenty-five non-staff members. They all work unneurotic to provide quality service to its students and community. All workers exchange informati on among themselves on how to co-operate in work for best(p) outputs. This can be done through formal and informal ties and training among themselves. Networking system can in addition be encouraged to enhance access to information and exchanges between workers. Knowledge management faces several challenges in its implementation, hardly with the developments in computer networking, cooperation and consultations have been enhanced. It is enhances the support of decisions by more people within the organization and rejection if it is non appropriate. Therefore, this supports. Working within the school setup involves educating scholars and decision making on issue that affects the full-page school society. Schools should know about up-to-the-minute trends in the experienceing systems and therefore, try to embrace them to promote current discourse on academic issues. This creates advancements in performance and creates more interest from both scholars and staff to learn new ideas. Many learning institutions have been undergoing many weaknesses units management, therefore, to improve on its knowledge management it can focus on giving training to its effect about current affairs in the parsimony and within the school institution (Pauleen, 2007). Some of the problems are because of lack of knowledge on what the institution is engaging in. There is need for understanding the concepts of knowledge management. This will help the institution determine on whether it is instal to engage in knowledge management. There is also the problem of social relations. The installation of technology should not stop direct confrontations and consultations. The institution should also not expect to acquire new knowledge but should instead focus on improving the existing one. This institution with both formal and informal military group needfully to have knowledge bases from where they can get their knowledge. According to their roles, there is need for diversified palm at t he base. There is need for planning knowledge that helps guide the institution to its goals and objectives. It also helps in classifying needs giving priority to the most urgent and primary. Descriptive knowledge is also necessary to help the personnel understand the type of individuals they handle. Other kinds of knowledge are the predictive knowledge and assessment knowledge too. They slang in relating to customers, in sales and in management of finances. Therefore, to ensure graceful relations between employees and workers, proper

Management of Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

forethought of Information System - Essay ExampleThe customer care department of the company is not adjuvant to the customer when assisting with online orders for the cellular phone. As a result, the customer is not able to receive the order accord to their request. It is because of these jobs that the customer decides to send a letter to the CEO so that the companys management would reckon how serious the customer care problem is within the company. The complaint of the customer causes events within the company with the end of finding the most appropriate solution for the problem. The events, activities and gateway within the service delivery department of cellular Inc. are presented in the BPMN model in Figure 1 below. Figure 1 BPMN model for the problem at cellular Inc. Question 2 There is poor communication between the company and its clients. This stain is demonstrated by the events the customer goes through in trying to place the order in an in force(p) way. For example , the use of the companys web target by the customer reveals that the information which is expected to be at the site is missing. Additionally, the customer later realizes that the promotion had expired even though there was no information on the website to inform the clients when the promotion was supposed to end. The company also has a problem with the doing trunk. This is evident by the problems the customer encounters while trying to nonplus payments. The problem with the online transaction system is the duplication of the shipping palm field which does not cater to those who would like the delivery to be made to a different location. later a long process of trying to credit the customers card, Robbie says that it was not possible because of the cancellation of the transaction by the client earlier on. These illustrations reveal that the company has a serious problem with its online transaction system which it unavoidably to be addressed urgently. This is important becaus e poor transaction processes and the inefficiency related to this are likely to make the customers lose their confidence in the company. How the customer care department functions is also a problem which needs to be addressed. This is apparent when the customer is directed to numerous customer support personnel who do not understand the actual problem with the transactions. The representatives of the company to whom the customer is directed do not seem to ensconce the customers problem. Moreover, there are delays in finding a solution because the customer is endue on hold most of the time. Due to these issues it can be said that the customer care functionality of Cellular Inc. does not attend to the needs of the clients in the most efficient and effective manner. As a result, there was a lot of disappointment on the part of the customer which could lead to a loss of truth to the company. Question 3 The company must ensure that its website provides adequate details. For example, t he prices of various products must be displayed on the website, including promotions for each product. The credit that the companys customers are to be given should also be provided on the site. This is to ensure that the customers get adequate information on a product before they make an order. society websites must provide their clients with timely and sufficient information before the online transa

Power in leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Power in leadership - analyse ExampleThroughout her career in the military, Johnson was a prime example for her colleagues as she would assists her students with surgical procedures as she was part of the U.S Army Medical Research and Development command. Furthermore, her valiant display of leadership enabled her to break the trick and the gender barrier, a sensitive issue that haunted the nation and the army at that era.Without a doubt, cobnut Johnson-Brown has contributed a lot to the field of nursing. I would implement several of her techniques that tail end become the centric capitulum of my career. First, I would embed her performance ethic in my career. In addition, I would try to act as a facilitator for my colleagues and not be selfish about education or experience I possess. Furthermore, her ambitions would provide me to take charge in critical situations that can not only give me a federal agency boost but enable me to harness my learning curve as I transition from a student to a professional.Power and influence are two vital aspects that come with integrity, responsibility, and leadership. Embedding the core normal of responsibility in my opinion is one of the most vital aspects of attaining power and influence. In any habituated profession, it is essential that one delivers on time and fully delivers in critical situations. In addition, responsibility can be a channel for being a leader in the team. Incorporating a hard work ethic and giving dedication in this career in allows the hospital staff to appreciate your hard work. Hence, it gives them government agency in you to allow you to give leadership roles in vital situations. If one can implement all these vital aspects, power and influence can be achievable at a higher

Basic Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basic Critical Thinking - Essay sheathThe European debt crisis is one of the most critical financial huddles encountered by the global economy, but the problem is alike perhaps the hardest to appreciate.The global economy has undergone die away growth since the financial crisis of 2008, which revealed the unsound fiscal policies of European countries and some other countries across the globe (Rushe, 2012). Greece, which engaged in vigorous spending for years, was unable to institute financial reforms thus was one of the initial countries to suffer the consequences of weak growth. This problem is relevant to the modern financial world since it reveals how slow growth causes slow tax incomes, resulting in exceedingly high and unsustainable budget deficits. The magnitude of the problem became perspicuous as Greece announced that the countrys debts exceeded the entire size of its economy. In order to curtail the European debt crisis, the European Union established a series of bailo uts for the troubled economies, beginning with the 2010 110 billion Euro bailout for Greece, and concomitant bailouts for Ireland and Portugal in 2010 and 2011, respectively (Lynn, 2010). The EU and IMF established a debt restructuring strategy for the countries experiencing debt issues. However, the action plan moved rather slowly because the EU requires consent from all union members before dispatching bailouts to troubled countries. It is hence critical that the EU develops effective and timely strategies to assist its member countries recover from the debt crisis. The problem essentially concerns European countries inability to gestate off their debts, owing to their dwindling economic capabilities.The boundaries of the problem situation are essentially the bounds of the European Union, and some of the most viable alternatives include seeking financial assistance from the international community so as to bail out all countries affected by the debt crisis. The greatest advanta ge

Describe the importance of voting in the American system Essay

Describe the importance of vote in the American system - seek ExampleThe first reason why voting is important related to ethics. M all people ache put their lives on the line, and have been maimed and killed in order to preserve the basic fundamental liberties we be intimate today. These sacrifices of precious lives have been made in several wars in which America has fought, as well as various social movements such as womens suffrage and the civil declines movement. Among the most important of the liberties that were preserved by these sacrifices is the right to have a contribution in ones own organization. Whether we like it or not, those sacrifices obligate us on an ethical and moral level to make sure they were not made in vain. The right to suffrage is a clothe from them and it would be in very bad form to throw that gift away considering its cost.The second reason why voting is important is because it is a prerequisite to legitimate conceptualisation of discontent with the performance and direction of the government. A person who was able to vote but did not loses any credible force of opinion when things be going badly. This is because they chose to abdicate their ultimate opportunity to exercise their voice in government. It becomes a credibility issue. For example, a person who weared to vote one way or the former(a) in the 2004 Presidential Election should not complain about the current state of the economy or the loss of lives in Iraq. Even those who voted for Bush have the right to complain about the way things are going because they utilized their opportunity to express their voice in the government. Any easy way to keep that right to complain would simply be to vote in the next election.Finally, the American system of government depends upon the peoples involvement in the political process through voting. If there were a mass failure to vote, it would hazard the very nature of republican democracy that is the essence of American govern ment. Thus, Americans have a right to their state of matter and their way of life to make sure they vote. 20% voter turnout is dangerous, because it enables a small element of the people to determine the composition and direction of the government. At some point, there may be a very real concern about the democratic legitimacy of the government. The obligation of every American is to vote to ensure that such legitimacy comes through loud and clear.Voting is perhaps the most important civil duty in America. It is both a right and a privilege that was purchased with the blood of countless Americans. Thus, the responsibility to vote is as much a moral obligation as it is a civic responsibility. Those who fail to exercise their vote relinquish the right to credibly express discontent regarding state of public affairs. Furthermore, because voting is the very foundation of American government, American citizens have a responsibility to ensure government legitimacy by turning out to vo te in strong numbers. The public apathy that has resulted in brusque voter turnout in several election is a dangerous development for America. People must be educated about the importance of enfranchisement in their every day lives as Americans so they do not take for granted that which indifference could easily take

The Linguistics Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Linguistics Theory - Essay ExampleWords that relate adept by meaning, form lexical sexual intercourses, derriere take various forms synonymy is when all the semantic components of the voice communication are similar antonyms are created when one component of the meanings differ, and hyponymy is the case of an extra component is added to pick out one word from the other. The antonym is a lexical opposition. It was traditionally classified as a discrepant paradigmatic construction (meaning a complex lexical construction that unifies with other constructions, resulting in syntagmatic usage). remote other paradigmatic relations, antonymy is both a lexical and a semantic relationship. Unlike synonyms and hyponyms, antonyms can altogether exist in binary form. Some lexicologists use the term opposite to refer to the semantic relation and antonym specifically for opposites that are also lexically related. It is also thought that, unlike synonyms and hyponyms, the antonym can onl y be a contrast set of only two words. But, depending on the meaning, words whitethorn have different antonyms. Besides the natural binarity of the antonym, there is also the possibility of a brighter spectrum of contrast. For instance, the antonym of joyous would be sad. But angry is also very different from happy and can easily be used to contradict it.Coordinated Antonymy, a discourse functional category it indicates exhaustiveness of the scale involved. It neutralizes the difference between normally opposed categories, by considering them and all the instances in between, as being true.

Analysis Strategy of an Organization from Strategic Intent and Stretch Essay

Analysis Strategy of an system from Strategic Intent and Stretch Perspective - Essay ExampleThe present discussion revolves around, the IT giant, Accentures schema and its execution. doormans studies and contribution towards gaining an understanding and insight into strategy is regarded as highly valuable in contemporary management, and have paved way to the emergence of many businesses that have reached their pinnacle and have managed to detain there one of them being Accenture. Porters studies have identified five main forces of constancy competition, which can be used as the core guide to business management. Porter (2008) ascertains that the industry construction drives competition and profitability irrespective of the age of the business, policies or technology used. This, in other words, accounts for strategy adopt by the industry or business to enter the market, grow and sustain its position. Precisely, strategies help organisations to be cerebrate towards their goals. Accenture is a global organisation that deals with and provides services in consulting, technology and outsourcing, with about 246,000 employees in to a greater extent than degree centigrade countries. Its strategy is to become the worlds leading ships company in the field of consulting, technology and outsourcing by delivering high performance.... they claim, is more often achieved by imitating or copying competitors practices and also just abouttimes partnering with competitors in some way or other to share the profits. They also identified that many businesses actually adopted practices that were beyond mere replication of existing strategies and such businesses not only succeeded but also reached far matured horizons. A good lesson for most of the businesses worldwide, this approach has indeed opened up new ways of smell at business and management. Hamel and Prahalad (1989) refer to this approach or attitude as the strategical innovation, which also indicates a specific a pproach to all strategy formulation and implementation that will help in treading ahead(predicate) in the chosen field of industry. Accentures mission to become the worlds leading company by delivering high performance can be considered as its strategic intent. Harfields (1998) study challenged Porters approach to strategy and strategic management claiming the latters concept to be more of a myth. His study on strategic management based on the linear, adaptive and interpretative approaches provides dimensional view to strategic management. Overall, this extensive study credits Porter for his contribution and on the other flock also claims strategic management to be much more complicated as well as resourceful, which modern management specialists can use for further construction. This anticipated potential gives rise to the concept of strategic intent, which is realized by leaders that really wish to align the actions and beliefs of all employees of an organisation towards one ge neral challenging goal Smith (1994, p.66) refers to such leadership attitude as the Merlin Factor. Strategic intent is a by-product of strategic

Taxation Issues Essay Example for Free

Taxation Issues EssayThe individual income tax revenue income consists of taxes on compensation income (from employment), business income, and passive income (interests, dividends, royalties, and prizes). In 1998 compensation income tax place were restructured into 6 bands with marginal rates ranging from 5% to 35%. Exemption levels ar 20,000 pesos (about $400) for individual, and 32,000 pesos (about $640) for married couples. In 2000, the business income tax rate was displace from 33% to 32%. The tax rate on passive income is 30%. For resident foreign corporations, after-tax kale remitted abroad argon subject to a 15% tax, except for corporations registered with the Philippine Economic Zone business office (PEZA), the Board of Investment (BOI), the Bases Conversion Development Authority, or operating in independent special sparing zones (ecozones), all of which are eligible for special tax and customs incentives, exemptions and reductions designed to attract foreign, new, n ecessary and/or export-oriented foreign investment. The Omnibus Investment Code of 1987 lays out tax incentives administered by the BOI of the Department of Taxation and Development, and the one-year Investment Priorities Plan (IPP) sets out the investment areas, national and regional, to which these incentives currently pertain. In 2002 the national list include export activities, industrial development and mining, agricultural/fishery production and processing, logistics, drugs and medicine, engineered products, environmental projects, IT services, Infrastructure, mass housing projects, R and D activities, social service, tourism, patriotic and documentary motion pictures and new projects with a minimum cost of $2 million. Special economic zones (SEZs) can be designated as export processing, free trade and/or info technology (IT) parks, each designation providing a schedule of tax holidays, exemptions from import duties on capital goods and raw material, and preferential inc ome tax rates with more(prenominal) favorable treatment accorded pioneer industries over non pioneer or expanding companies.Taxes on transactions include a rank-added tax (VAT) of 10%. For smaller businesses not registered with the VAT a percentage gross sales tax of 3% to 5% is applied, although higher for activities involving issues of public morality cockpits are taxed 18%, caberets, 18% and jai-lai and racetracks, 30%. Excise taxes are imposed on selected commodities such as alcoholic beverages, tobacco plant products, jewelry and petroleum products. In addition, the government levies a variety of other taxes, including mining and petroleum taxes, sign taxes, a head tax on immigrants above a certain age and staying beyond a certain period, document stamp taxes, donor (gift) taxes, estate taxes, and capital gains taxes.A document stamp tax is charged on stock certificates, proofs of indebtedness, proofs of ownership, etc, and normally amount to .75% to 1% of the par or face value of the certificate. A modernized schedule of donor taxes begins with gifts above P 100,000 (about $18,500), and lays out seven bands (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 15%) with the top marginal rate applying to gifts above P 10,000,000 (about $186,520). The progressive estate tax begins at P 200,000 (about $37,000) and lays out five bands (5%, 8%, 11%, 15% and 20%) up to P 10,000,000 (about $186,520).The capital gains tax is 6% on real property 5% on gains of P 100,000 or less from the sale of stock not listed on the stock exchange, and 10% on gains over P 100,000. Some cities, such as Manila, levy their own wholesale and retail sales taxes. Government grosss in 2001 amounted to 14.8% of GDP, short of total expenditures and net lending for the year, which came to 19.1% of GDP, leaving a deficit of over 4% of GDP. The US State Department reports that the main factor underlying the deficit is inadequate revenue collections due to widespread tax evasion. Attempts by the Bureau of Internal Revenue to increase compliance fetch met with strong resistance.HMRC issues tax warningA warning has been sent to all consumers who are required to pull in a tax return for 2009-10.In a message, HM Revenue Customs (HMRC) state that the deadline for paper tax returns, which was October 31st, has now passed. Therefore, in order to avoid a penalty of 100, all those moreover to complete theirs must do so online.The organization pointed out that anyone who has not done this before allow reach to register for online filing by visiting its website. When they go through this process, they get out be effrontery a user ID and an activation decree, which depart be posted to them within seven cyphering days. erstwhile they have received this information, they will be able to file their returns.Meanwhile, in a word of advice to those who have used the system before , it added Make sure that you have your user ID and password it can wipe out seven working days to get replac ements, so dont leave it to the last minute if you extremity them.The deadline for online self-assessments is Monday January 31st.Meanwhile, those who are unsure how to go about the process can get facilitate and information on the HMRC website.Of course, in that location is also help for those who need to use an income tax calculator or another type of tax calculator. Such state can find these resources in various places on the web.In order to image they get their returns right wing, an income tax calculator or other form of tax calculator can be very helpful.Consumers are also advised to ensure that they save up enough money to liquidate the tax when the time comes, otherwise they may find themselves in financial difficulty.Students issued tax warningThe capacious majority of people who earn money are keen to ensure they do not chip in too much income tax. For this moderateness, some use an income tax calculator or PAYE calculator to help them assess whether or not they have. Students may be among those who can benefit most from such activity, query conducted by one organization suggests. According to the Low Incomes Tax Reform Group (LITRG), around sestet million people are likely to now be receiving tax calculations having not paid the right tax under Pay As You Earn (PAYE), and students are particularly at risk of this. The reason for this, the organization claimed, is that such people can find that the system struggles to keep up with their working patterns.For example, undergraduates may be working in several jobs at once, frequently moving between roles, doing irregular work with agencies or be involved in a sandwich course during which they work for a year. Students are advised to keep on top of their income deductions, which may involve using an income tax calculator or PAYE calculator. Not only when may mistakes mean they overpay, but they may also result in such people paying too little. In such cases, they could be hit with an unexpec ted tone at a later date. With this in mind, LITGR issued advice to students.For example, it stated If you start a new job without a P45, but your former employer later gives you one you can still give it to your new employer for them to adjust your tax code. But otherwise, you might need to keep an eye on your pay slips and contact HMRC to chase up processing of your P46 to make sure you get put back on a cumulative code if it doesnt appear to be done automatically. Earlier this year, HM Revenue Customs revealed that a number of people had either under paid or overpaid tax and it sent out correspondence to inform these individuals of the errors.An cortical potential into Joint Ventures and Tax issuesIf you have had the chance to interact with a London numberant online and have discussed the pleasant of potential that different enterprises have when they are in the start-up stage, he/she would inevitably point to a phrase venture as one that allows for the best capitalization on research development tax ascribe as comfortably as the best way to reap in lettuce while run the least amount of risk.Partnership chronicle too, according to most chartered tax accountants, is easier to monitor and account for, rather than solo enterprises or massive corporate public entity firms. However, this particular category of entrepreneurship is on the reduce which is more courtesy of lack of knowledge and joint venture tax issues, than failure of the whole cast in the business arena.So what exactly is a joint venture as far as tax issues and accounting for partnerships is concerned? Well, for starters, it is not very different from a solo investment enterprise. The only fact here is that the firm or venture has two or more people as investors, each of whom have a share in the revenue as surface as profits and losses that the venture accrues during its runtime.The usual joint venture tax issues that most investors encounter is with the Tax ID be from IRS as we ll as legal agreements. While the legal agreement can double up as the word on which the investors decided to distribute and share their revenues from the venture, it is also required during partnership accounting measures as well as for varied detailed statistics and formalities for clinical accounting for partnerships and firms. The taxes from employee salaries are called withhold taxes, and the taxes levied on Medicare and security is also to be deducted from the firms employees. Often, a conflict of interest arrives, when a person is twain an employee as well as a fellow investor in the joint venture tax issues need to be sorted out for these situations too.This is exactly why joint ventures tax issues allied with the same is considered more complex for partnership accounting rather than for solo enterprises. Moreover, accounting for partnerships often need professional and veteran soldier chartered tax accountants for the job exactly where professional London accountants come into the picture.While ad-hoc accounting for partnerships close always is recipe for disaster, professional accounting can maximize both your profits as well as your research and development tax credits. So if you are an investor and your fellow entrepreneurs are not ordain to hire a professional London accountant for the sake of savings and cost-cutting measures.For the kind of money you will save with the help of a professional chartered tax accountant on accounting for partnerships, you will have enough capital to start another joint venture sans tax issues as well

Loss Control Essay Example for Free

Loss Control strainThis report is rudimentaryally A short History of Fire loss control efforts in the get together States. It includes a historical overview of the situation in the bea of minimizing loss of flavour and holding in the azoic 20th Century, the paper starts with a brief over view of the principle of loss control and the ca uptakes for chances that overtake due to various factors, briefly describes the aim of expertise and methods being used in that era to slang the principle of fire loss control. For the dissolve of which information was obtained through the NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) about the useable options to planners to minimize the chances and level of dying due to accidental fires. The paper then shifts the focus on the twenty-first century and new innovations and options that have revolutionized the efforts of fire loss control. It withal briefly mentions the recent technological advancements that atomic number 18 very promising for the new future and have tremendous potential to effectively reduce the particular and consequences of such incidents.Loss Control The concept of loss control introductoryally deals with the formulation of strategies, systems and procedures to reduce or exclusively eliminate the occurrence of incidents which argon undesirable and may cause loss of life and property resulting in massive disruptions and costing a large amount of money. (Fire. gov, 1) Mainly these incidents fall into three basic categories which may end up resulting in occurrence of such incidents 1. Lack of Control Insufficient SystemsSystems are in post but they are insufficient to deal with various unforeseen eventualities resulting in reverse to muster an adequate response in order to control and minimize the extent of loss of life and property Insufficient Standards The bars and benchmarks in place to handle a situation and the guidelines which are in place are insufficient and the standards doe not satisfy the minimum international benchmarks set to deal with situations make losses. Non- Compliance with Standards A situation where although the adequate standards are in place but they are not being enforced or followed by the people who are responsible to ensure enforcement and compliance with the standard practices. 2. Basic Causes If careful analysis is beneathtaken we come to the conclusion that there are usually two basic categories of basic causes that are responsible for incidents taking place resulting in substantial losses 1. Personal FactorsThe in-person factors consist of inadequate knowledge on part of the people working in the work environment which generally gives way to incidents and then inadequate knowledge about how to react a developing incident hence it can be blamed on personal incompetence. 2. Environmental Within environmental factors things give care inadequate engineering, equipment, leadership, hence at a critical time the failure of equipm ent or any resulting die due to faulty engineering or bad leadership decisions can cause incidents to spiral completely out of control and magnify the resultant loss of life n property.3. Immediate Causes Substandard Acts (Behavior) This empyrean deals with the behavioral and factors of irresponsible actions on part of individuals, first and foremost factor that comes to mind is the improper use of equipment causing danger not only to ones own self but also to people working in surrounding areas Improper Lifting/Failure to lock Out equipment/ Using Equipment improperly FIRE LOSS CONTROL Every year about 2 billion dollars of renovation, reconstruction and destruction and loss of countless lives due to incidents of fire in the United States takes place.Developed Facilities including buildings, of various types and the service systems run within them, as well as utilities for transportation, public facilities, power generation, communication systems, water system supply and water treatment systems, and waste disposal) (NIST Research, 1) These facilities and systems are a Nations wealth, which are valued around $25 trillion dollars, with an average investment of $1 trillion annually employed in new construction, elaborateness and renovation amounting to about one-eight of the GDP.The quality of these systems and facilities are vital and fundamental to industrial productivity, progress and development and the level of quality of life enjoyed by the masses. The safety of these vital installations from accidental fires and other similar natural, incidental and voluntary hazards and dangers is critical and extremely significant for the safety of life, avoidance and prevention of injuries, protection and maintenance of property, and the most grave issue which is the issue of national security.The basic phenomena around Fires include ignition which is largely unintended and accidental, growth due to the unintended materials fueling the fire and ultimately the u sage of extinguishing materials forbiddance of fires, the effects on people and the general public of fires and combustion products, and the resultant negative effects on society of destruction caused by fire and the ensuing losses and investments in fire safety.The various aspects knobbed in the performance of developed and constructed facilities involve important and critical factors like structural stability which pith the structures should be strong enough to sustain and withstand very high temperatures and should not collapse under intense heat, durability and strength of materials and equipment vital for safety and security of the structures and the human lives depending on them, environmental controls which are in place for building occupants in order to ensure their safety and security, functionality intended for the express purpose of the facility, the included costs of construction of the structures, operations within these facilities and structures, maintenance and ren ovation of facilities making them safe and fearless and resistant to any accidental damage, and all other social and environmental effects. (Richardson, 30) This paper basically provides an overview of the chronicle of the fire loss controls efforts in the United States resulting from research and development and new techniques and fire control technologies.

Book Review Template Essay Example for Free

Book Review Template EssaySummary This trick come from the book jacket or a website, but it essential be concise and it must be cited. You may also choose to write your own summary in which case you should before long tell the reader what the story is about. Where and when does it take place? Who are the main characters? What kinds of problems they run into?My Review attempt by rationaliseing why you chose this book in the first place. Next, comment on the connections you discovered between the characters/ state in the book and your own personal experiences (text to self), other characters or people youve read about or encountered in film or television (text to text), or people youve heard about in real life (text to world). Follow this with your opinion of the book. What did you like about it? Give an example (quote a passage) and explain why you liked this. Comment on what you did not like about the book.Give an example (quote a passage) and explain why you did not like t his. (In commenting on what you did or didnt like, consider writing about how well the reservoir brings characters or people to life, holds your interest in terms of telling the story, or utilizes language to paint a clear and interesting picture of the characters, the setting, and the action of the story.) Important note Do NOT give out-of-door the storys ending. Conclude with your recommendation for other readers. Do you recommend this book? Why and for whom? (Consider age, reading level, genre, and subject.)Rating How numerous stars do you give this book on a scale of 1-5?Credentials Describe your credentials as a reader. (Start by identifying your status as a student class name and period, and school name.) Then, report what kind of reader you are. (How often do you read? How much do you read? What kind of books or text types do you typically read for yourown purposes?)

Cooking Is My Hobby Essay Example for Free

Cooking Is My Hobby EssayI revel cooking because it keeps me happy in my life. Whenever I feel sad or upset, cooking ease that for me in a big way. I started cooking when I was 6, but it was as simple as displace ham and cheese between 2 slices of bread and used my favorite condiment of maynaise and let it heat up for about 30 seconds. When I grew older, my knowledge of food grew to new depths when I learned how to cook American food on the grill when I was 13 and my dad was the sole reason why I got better since he explained to me how to use temperature control. The 1st allot I made on my own without either kind of assistance was Alaskan Cod with Lemon Pepper which I enjoyed very much when it was cook in an oven. Now, in my college years, I evolved into making cursine in many cultures such as tacos from Mexico, crepes from France, peking sidestep from China, and pizza from Italy using my ingredients I purchased from HEB, Fiesta, or Chinatown in my hometown. Cooking is the only thing in which I know how to do best and I usually cook for my family, relatives, friends, or people whom I do not know. Sometimes, I cook multiple of one thing for homeless people and disturbute them across the city.My to the lowest degree favorite thing to cook is vegetables since I do not like them, but if someone requests them on their plate, I entrust not be unwilling to cook them. Instead, I would embrace their desires and make it for them. I have invested hours of my time per day to be more knowlegable about different cooking methods from various chefs sort of of just one in order to be prepared for different styles of cooking and perferences from guests. My signature dish is pork and leek dumplings with either soy sauce or vinegar or my orangeness chicken with basil and coconut broth so if you are ever in my area, I will be willing to cook for you.

Comparative policing systems Essay Example for Free

Comparative policing remainss shewIntroductionPolicing is non a recent issue in term which duty of state as protecting both in the macrocosm eye(predicate) and state pipe down remains as a concept to centre on, yet, it is current enough to remember and to consider again. In this comparative study, policing agreements of United Kingdom, Turkey and France every last(predicate)ow be contr all oversially discussed in basis of policing related to its legitimacy, its social organization, and its exploit. In the first section, the concepts of legitimacy, twist, and function will be defined. by and bywards, British policing system will be examined in terms of these three conceptions.Follo university extension British system, Turkish policing system which has been remarkably adapted to new policing concepts despite the fact that at that place argon much to deal with will be following subject. Then, lastly, french system which has effectively been a model for slightly countries will be analyzed so as to understand The Continental Model. After analyzing three countries, the equivalentities and differences betwixt British and The Continental System will be foc manipulationd on, more(prenominal)(prenominal) particularly in spite of appearance a proposition that British Policing leads the way.Policing genuineness, Structure, and FunctionModern law was often seen as an instrument of progress, consistent with the idea of free enterprise, schoolman freedom, constitutional protection against arbitrary presidency (Liang, 2002, p 4). Although there has been a common acceptance of policing recently, as Liang stated, there atomic number 18 different constabulary systems all over the humankind. In order to be open to analyze and comp ar jurisprudence systems, there be three terms by the help of which policing in different societies can be examined legitimacy, structure, and function. In his primordial study, Bayley asserts that three character istics of the practice of law contemporarily exist in todays world and these as dichotomous are globe/ secret, specialized/no specialized, professional/nonprofessional.Being public/private oriented refers to the nature of the practice of law agency and can easily be confused with community authorization, differentiation for a police agency, in opposite terms of that unspecialized police force is authorized to use force but do m whatever other things as come up, concentres on the application of force, and professionalism refers to explicit dressing to perform the unique police function (Bayley, 1990, p 11-13). Using this triple explanation, Bayley originally emphasizes on legitimacy, structure and function of policing. Similarly, Mawby attempts to compare different police systems according to legitimacy, structure, and function.Moreover, he defines these terms. Legitimacy implies that the police are allow some degree of monopoly within society by those with the power to so auth orize, be they an elite within the society, an occupying power, or the community as a whole.(1990, p 3). Structure means specialization/non specialization, and function implies that the utilisation of the police is concentrated on the maintenance of law and order legal community and staining of offences. Nevertheless, this is not al nonpareil about these fixed concepts, but also the balance between law and order, or prevention and detection and being service-related, administrative, or concerned with political control (Mawby, 1990).United Kingdom Policing System law systems in England and Wales prior to the 19th century are portrayed private, non-professional, and unspecialized by authors much(prenominal) as Critchley (1978) and Radzinowicz (1956a). After being of new police, The metropolitan jurisprudence Force (1829), capital of the United Kingdoms first centralized, uniformed, wholly professional, centrally-controlled police force (Reynolds, 1998) and similar forces were e stablished in other urban and rural areas between 1835 and 1888, so the nineteenth century was a breakpoint. After a dynamic duration in 20th century, now there are presently 43 police forces in England and Wales employing over 233,000 forcefulness, over 140,000 police officers, nearly 78,000 police staff and over 15,600 police Community Support Officers. supererogatoryly, there are currently in excess of 14,500 volunteer police officers known as Special Constables in England and Wales (Home Office, 2009).The 51 police forces those were over 100 prior to the Police Act of 1964 in England, Wales, and Scotland each headed by a brain Constable who is accountable to a Police Authority (Tupman and Tupman, 1999). In Scotland, there are 8 constabularies corresponding to the 8 former regional organizations of Scotland. Initially, in terms of function, the polices role is crime control and maintenance public order, more specifically crime prevention through uniformed patrol while, at t he same snip, fulfilling a welfare and service order public (Mawby, 2008). Secondly, in terms of structure, there is a balance between local anaesthetic and central control and organization.The modernistic police system in England and Wales is traced back to the early nineteenth century, this idea is reinforced by Bayley in such a way that he states that The modern English police constable is medieval Tythingman1, still acting under royal authority but now serving at public disbursal in a chosen career (1990, p 29). The 1962 Royal Commission on the Police identify the protection of local police forces autonomy through the institution of the three partite structure of accountability exclusive chief constables, police authorities and central government claims Mawby in his study dedicated to compare policing systems all over the world (2008).From a more general perspective, in UK structure is decentralized compared to continental system, and there are local police forces with the help of these information, but Northern Ireland has a different system ground on colonial system (Mawby, 1992). It is possible, in terms of structure, to say that police is decentralized, unarmed, and civilian force (Mawby, 1990). Afterwards, in terms of legitimacy there is a tendency to do what public want.It is possible to see on the green paper that the police are in attempts to improve the connection between public and the police This Green physical composition sets out proposals for a new policing pledge which will be developed in partnership between the police and local mint (Green Paper, July 2008). In his recent study, Mawby states that there at to the lowest degree four attempts to allay public concern by providing public access to local police vigilance Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships (CDRPs), the formation of police consultative committees, the governing body of lay visitors schemes, and the introduction of independent Advisory Groups to monitor police ra cism following the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry (Mawby, 2008, p 21).Turkey Policing SystemThe storey of the police in Turkey derives from Ottoman Empire in 19th century like public presidential term through adapting to french prefecture model (Mercedes and Newburn, 2008, p 34). Moreover, Turkish civilian administration system is influenced by the French civilian administration system and its domestic security approach (Celador, Gemma Collantes et al 2008). protective covering function is provided by both public and private sector, and there are three public law enforcement institutions the police, the jandarma (gendarmery) and the strand guard command. The jandarma and the coast guard command are responsible to the government minister of Interior as soundly as the police yet, the jandarma and the coast guard command are military institutions.In terms of promotions, appointments, personnel administration, disciplinary and judiciary procedures, the jandarma corps is located within the military structure headed by the Office of the Chief of General Staff, who, in turn, responds to the Office of the Prime Minister, instead of to the Ministry of National Defence. Additionally, the national police force and the jandarma are different in terms of their respective jurisdictions and responsibilities vis--vis the civilian government authorities (Celador, Gemma Collantes et al 2008, p 8). jurisdiction of the police geographically differs from the jandarmas jurisdiction the police provide security in urban areas rather whereas the jandarma are responsible for rural areas.In terms of structure, the police force is centralized, thus, compared to western central administration models, this structure is excessively central (Cerrah, 2005).In terms of function, there is obviously a higher number of the jandarma compared to the police, although urban areas concord more universe of discourse than rural areas. There are some 193,000 police whereas the jandarma are between 28 0,000 and 300,000 (Mercedes and Newburn, 2008). accord to Mercedes and Newburns study which is one of the last studies about Turkey and policing system, number of the jandarma is highly more than the polices. There are several(prenominal) reasons but, eventually, as a result of disproportional allocation, the priority is not welfare but the perseverance of order in terms of administrative and political tasks in addition to crime prevention.Last of all, in terms of legitimacy, police legitimacy derives from law rather than public. After legislation through the EU twinning projects, for example with amendments and modifications on Law on Powers and Tasks of Police (1936), the government has aimed at changing consideration of police as a service rather than power.Nevertheless, in practice, this is not easily possible. Despite all the time that has passed since then, the Turkish police organisation has been unable to establish systemic institutional civilian participation and a satisf actory control mechanism. On both national and regional level, security policies and practices are only dismission and supervised by appointed civilian administration authorities and police administrators. claims Cerrah (2005) and as he adds the police still bring to do more to be more accountable. Unless the police are more accountable and open to be controlled by civilian mechanism, legitimacy of the police will be discussed as well as its function. However, community policing is a new issue in Turkey with a pilot practicing in ten big cities including Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, and Bursa (Directorate General of security, 2009). There is a tendency to be more people-oriented.France Policing SystemFrench police system is arguably the first modern system in europium whereas The London Metropolitan Police is known to be the first modern police (Mawby 1990, p 34, Bowden, 1978, p 140). Bowden also adds that 615 is the stratum first peace and police existed in France, but, ironically , French is the nation who has frequently experienced the discontinuity in a nations political life despite the fact that they developed the most sophisticated police in Europe (1978). The police function in France is rooted to Roman law tradition, and since the French Revolution (1789), historically, there are significant processes but it is not going to be discussed because of lack of space. Today, police system in French can be analyzed through being distinguished as the police nationale and gendarmery nationale.The gendarmerie are accountable to three different authorities to Minister of Justice for criminal investigations, to the Ministry of Interior for public order, or administrative matters, and to the Ministry of Defence for all other aspects of their work whereas the police nationale are responsible to the Minister of Justice for criminal investigations, and to the Ministry of Interior for public order, or administrative matters (Hodgson, 2005). According to Hodgsons accou nt, which compares French criminal umpire system to British systems and includes an extensive investigation, the police nationale is composed of some 120,000 officers now according to Interpol 126,000 whereas the Gendarmerie comprises some 85,000 officers now according to Interpol 90,000 (2009) (2005). Moreover, there are some 3000 small municipal police forces.In terms of structure French police system is centralized as it is seen from this portray, the police forces are armed and not exactly- militaristic. France is typically an example of continental European system and in terms of function police system in France is putting violencees on administrative and political tasks rather than welfare (Mawby, 2008, p 22). As a consequence of being centrally organized, France has more centralized policing system with two main forces the police nationale and the gendarmerie compared to British policing system and less centralized compared to Turkish police system. Compared with UK, t he availability of other community initiatives involving polis-public cooperation such as neighbourhood watch or volunteer police auxiliaries are relatively unknown (Mawby, 1990). As a continental European country, in terms of legitimacy the police and the gendarmerie are near tied to government rather than public or law.United Kingdom (Excluding Northern Ireland)TurkeyFranceLegitimacyLocal governmentCentral governmentCentral governmentFunctionWelfareCrime prevention, emphasis on administrative tasksCrime prevention, emphasis on administrative tasksStructureDecentralized centralise (More excessively)CentralizedIt is possible to infer from whole information that United Kingdom, excluding Northern Ireland, has community-oriented policing system where as France and Turkey have continental and highly centralized and government oriented policing systems. Mawby who has a range of comparative police studies since early 1990s sees continental police systems in the past as being distinguish ed in terms of their lack of accountability, being directly responsible to the head of state, and he adds in another study that age this less easily reconciled with the liberal democracies of post-war Europe, it is still the case that public accountability is more confine in countries where the police are more centralized and militaristic (2008, p 23).Also in Turkey, more recently, with the increased quality of the police training and education, the rising numbers of commissioners and officers receiving masters and doctorates (some on topics including human rights law, technologically more advanced crime-fighting methods, etc.) and the positive impact of EU twinning projects, a younger reformist wing seems to have emerged within the police. This wing is also psychologically supported by civil societal demands for the establishment of more professional, accountable and transparent police structures. (Celador, Gemma Collantes et al, 2008, p 9)From a historical perspective between 18 04 and 1810 in France, during Napoleons dictatorship Fouch was his strong right arm and was commanding French police. Fouch, Duc dOtranto, had an army consisting of spies and agent provocateurs spreading subtle terror and repression throughout France (Manwaring-White, 1993). As Manwaring-White states, there was a very real fear in Britain that any sort police force like in France would result the same fearful invasion of loneliness and liberty. On the other, while Robert peel was introducing his Metropolis Police Improvement Bill, he had figures to show a population increase of 19 per cent in London and Middlesex, but an increase in crime of 55 per cent between the periods of seven years from 1811 to 1818 and from 1821-1828 (Emsley, 1991).The bill passed through the parliament and The Metropolitan Police of London was established contrast to French militaristic system. However, contentiously, despite the horror of the Fouch regime in France, the British government did employ spies and agents to try and uncover hints of treasonable activity or political unrest and despite adjuration to French style spies, a detective department was reorganised in Scotland in 1842 (Manwaring-White, 1993). There several attempts contrast to thought because of which the Met was established. Furthermore, during the 70s the developments in police drunken revelry brought the English police closer in their riot tactics and equipments, yet, unlike continental neighbours, employers were not specialized riot squads (Emsley, 1991).Finally, the men, responsible for creation the English police during the 19th century, wanted to restrict the political and military nature of the new police, but Emsley states that despite these reasons of creation of English police, the economic, political and social nature of Victorian England was instrumental in helping some people to achieve their aim (1991). By contrast with whom see centralized system as incorporating problems of non-accountability and partisanship, Mawby critically examines this idea. Firstly, one should not assume that locally, community-oriented systems are necessarily panaceas they may incorporate problems of non-accountability, elite control and partisanship.Secondly, however, although political policing has been more a future of policing systems in countries where the police are militaristic, there is no clear relationship between the presence of one, central police system and these features. Nor is a central system necessarily incompatible with local accountability. Last of all, as illustrated in his study, the presence of absence of a single, centralized police is no more evidence of a police state than is the presence or absence of the jury system (Mawby, 1992, p 125-126). Today, in terms of function, structure, and legitimacy, community-oriented systems are seen more advantageous, but privacy and liberty of individuals are threatened by the surveillance, bugging and file-keeping methods of modern police (Manwaring-White, 1993).BibliographyBooksBayley, David H. (1990) Patterns of Policing A Comparative International Analysis, Rutgers University Press.Bowden, T. (1978), Beyond the Limits of Law, Harmondsworth PenguinCerrah, Ibrahim, Police, in Cizre, Umit (ed.), Almanac Turkey 2005 Security Sector andDemocratic Oversight, Istanbul TESEV Publications, 2006, pp. 86-99.Critchley, T.A. (1978), The History of Police in England and Wales in Mawby, Rob I. (1990), Comparative Police Issues The British and American system in international perspective, London Unwin Hyman.Celador, Gemma Collantes et al (2008), Fostering an EU Strategy for Security Sector Reform in the Mediterranean Learning from Turkish and Palestinian Police Reform Experiences, EuroMeSCo Paper 66 (January 2008)Emsley, Clive (1991), the English Police, a Political and Social History, Second Edition, Addison Wesley LongmanHin, Mercedes S and Newburn, Tim (2008) Policing Developing Democracies, Taylor FrancisHodgson, Jacqueline (2005), French venomous Justice A Comparative Account of the Investigation and Prosecution of Crime in France, Hart, University of MichiganLambert, hind end L. (1986) Police Powers and Accountability, Taylor FrancisManwaring-White, Sarah (1983) the Policing Revolution, Police Technology, Democracy and Liberty in Britain, the Harvester PressMawby, Rob I. (1990), Comparative Police Issues The British and American system in international perspective, London Unwin Hyman.Mawby, RI (1992) Comparative police systems searching for a continental model, pp 108-132 in K. Bottomley, T. Fowles and R. Reiner (eds.) (1992) Criminal Justice Theory and Practice, British Criminology Conference 1991, London British decree of Criminology.Mawby Rob I. (2008), Models of Policing, in Newburn, Tim (ed.) (2008) Handbook of Policing, 2nd Edition, Cullompton Willan, pp 17-46.Radzinowicz, L. (1956a), A history of English Criminal Law and its administration from 1750, Volume 1 The Movement for Reform in Ma wby, Rob I. (1990), Comparative Police Issues The British and American system in international perspective, London Unwin Hyman.Reynolds, Elaine A. (1998), Before the Bobbies, Stanford University Press.Liang, Hsi-Huey (2002), The Rise of Modern Police and the European arouse System from Metternich to the Second World War, Cambridge University Press, pp 11-13.Tupman, Bill and Tupman, Alison (1999), Policing in Europe, Intellect Books.WebsitesHome office (2009) About Us, purchasable http//police.homeoffice.gov.uk/about-us/ last accessed 18 March 2009.Directorate General of Security (2009) Community Policing, available http//www.asayis.pol.tr/tdpyapilanmasunumu_dosyalar/frame.htm. Last accessed 18 March 2009.Interpol (2009) France Police system, available http//www.interpol.int/Public/Region/Europe/pjsystems/France.asp. Last accessed 18 March 2009Additional SourceGreen Paper (2008), From the Neighbourhood to the National Policing Our Communities Together, Green Paper, Home Office, Jul y 20081 Tythingman was of Saxon multiplication and he was elected by his peers in the local community and exercised wide responsibilities for all aspects of local government on heir behalf He was not , however, a royal officer, as his authority derived from the community he served rather than from the sovereign (Lambert, 1986, p 21)

Difference of Athens and Han China Essay Example for Free

Difference of Athens and Han China EssayTo the interrogative how great were the differences of classical Athens and Han china? My interpretation is that there was a huge difference in these two empires. Like there form of government, art, geography, and population. In classical Greece (9th6th centuries BCE) the form of government is a democracy which is administration is in the hands of, not of a few, but of the whole people (Pericles). Where as in Han china (206 BCE 220 CE) the form of government is a bureaucracy which is a body of non-elective government officials. The emperor butterfly appointed governors to each district for his domain. Also in classical Greece the art was different than Han china. In Han china the art was more focused on nature, and how nature is more important, and how we should be in musical harmony with nature. Each separate being in the universe returns to the common source. Returning to the source is serenity.(Lao-tzu ) where as in classical Greece the art was more focused on the ideal man. The world is full of wonders but energy is more wonderful than man.(Sophocles). The geography was also completely different.In classical Greece the area was surrounded by water and the empire was smaller than the Han Empire . And the population was different where classical Greece had a total population 315,000 people. Han china had a total population 65,000,000 people. These are the reason that are why there was a huge difference in classical Greece and Han china.

Leadership Vision Paper Essay Example for Free

Leadership Vision Paper testifyThe vision avowal continues the expression of the desired service and the level of achievement necessary to achieve the mission. The set selected atomic number 18 those that support example of innovation-based mission, vision, and values statement (Porter-OGrady Malloch, 2011.) My vision statement is To treat all patients with arrogance and respect at all times. To explain not only what I am about to do for them, simply why. I testament provide Evidence-based research, when available, for their knowledge. I will allow them liberty, in their decisions. I will provide each patient compassion and empathy, at all times. I will remember they be a someone not just a patient. We will come to understand the vision done the various sections of this paper. The sections be Key concepts of vision, go over of evidence, Importance in nursing and lastly, the Summary.Key concepts of visionI believe that when a patient is given the evidence-based info rmation in a clear and concise manner, they are in a better position to make better medical decisions. While I am providing each patient with evidence-based research, I am proving them with the necessary tools to make the informed decisions. In turn, giving them the autonomy they deserve. Being respectful, showing empathy and compassion are all easy tasks to perform, when the patient is thought of as a person, not just a patient. An example would be when I explain why I am about to perform some task, not simply that I am going to perform the task. I need to ask permission of the patient, giving them the opportunity to reject the task. It may be in their best interest to pull in the task performed, but, if I respect them, then I will respect their decision.Critique of evidenceIn an denomination titled, Toward the Tipping Point Decision Aids and Informed patient Choice, there is solid evidence that patient decision aid not only improve decision quality but also prevent the overus e of options that informed patients do not value. Which I believe aids in better patient satisfaction. Policymakers increasingly believe that encouraging patients to play a more busy role in their wellness care could improve quality, efficiency, and health outcomes (Coulter Ellins, 2007).Another area that I have an important stance on is that the patient is a person, not just a patient. In an article by Danielle Ofri, she talks about a crowded waiting area where the medical assistant is let loose out the patients name, so cattle-like. Nevertheless it feels horrible to me, so demeaning, like were in the DMV instead of a medical clinic. I want the environment to be more humane, more civilized, and so when I go out to call a patient, I use a much softer voice, with a tone that I hope conveys more respect.Importance to nursingAccording to Lesly Simmons, a blogger for Georgetown University, the Nursing employment is the or so ethical and honest commerce for the 11th year in the Gal lup survey. Nurses have been the highest ranked profession for 11 out of 12 years. So why is that? Nurses consistently capture patient and public place by performing in accordance with a Code of Ethics for Nurses that supports the best interests of patients, families, and communities. They often are the strongest advocates for patients who are vulnerable and in need of support (Sachs Jones, 2012).SummaryTreating the patient as a person shows the patient that I respect them as a person. When I respect them as a person, I have more compassion and empathy for them. When I have empathy, compassion and respect for them, I can servicing them make better choices. By giving them evidence-based research I am providing them with the tools so they can be more informed. By being more informed, they have a better grounds of their situation. By them understanding their situation, they will then have autonomy. Allowing the patient autonomy, gains respect from the patient for the nurse. Hence, making the nursing profession the most honest and ethical profession over the last decade. So, I continue to keep my vision statement close at hand.ReferencesCoulter, Angela., Ellins, Jo. (2007). Effectiveness of strategies for informing, educating and involving patients. BMJ 200733524 OConnor, A.M., Wennberg, J. E., Legare, F., Llewelllyn-Thomas, H. A., Moulton, B. W., Sepucha, K. R.,Sodano, A. G., King, J. S. (2007). Toward the Tipping PointDecision Aids and Informed affected role Choice. Health Affairs. May 2007. Vol. 26(3) p716-725. Ofri, Danielle. (2012). Humanizing Medicine and Respecting the Patient. A Sweet Life. January 19, 2012. Retrieved on January 16, 2013 from http//asweetlife.org/feature/humanizing-medicine-and-respecting-the-patient/ Porter-Ogrady, T., Malloch, K. (2011). Quantum leadership Advancing innovativion, transforming health care. Strategies to integrate and advance innovation. 3rd ed. p149. Sudbury, MA Jones Bartlett. Sachs, Adam Jones, Jemarion. (2012 ). Nurses Earn Highest Ranking Ever, Remain Most ethical of Professions in Poll ANA Urges Policymakers to Listen to Nurses on Health Care Policy, Funding. American Nurses Association. News Release declination 4, 2012. Simmons, Lesly. (2011). Nurses Most Respected Profession for 11th Year. emailprotected Blog. May 16th, 2011.

How Boko Haram Developed And Under Developed Nigeria Essay Example for Free

How Boko Haram Developed And Under Developed Nigeria Essay1.0 INTRODUCTIONThe stability of almost(prenominal) society depends largely on the ability of its citizens to live together in harmony and peace. However, history has provided us with some(prenominal) instances of occasional uprisings in Nigeria which might crap occurred as a pass of a political, religious, pagan or tribal misunderstanding. Such squabbles, m some(prenominal) a time, have ended up in bloodletting. Presently, Nigeria has not ceased to experience some misguided and mis guide fellowship in the name of religion. This is because, for some categorys now, many Nigerians oddly in the Yankee lay out of the country have lived in a perpetual fear of the uncharted as a result Boko Haram insurgence. Thus, since 2009 till date, the activities of an Islamic sect called BOKO HARAM have bedevilled the Nigerian society and exist the very foundation of her unity and peace. What baffles me is that these insurgents horizontal claim to be fighting for justice in Nigeria.Also, it is dis be(p) to remark that while Nigeria is endowed with abundant resources, numerous challenges of insecurity orchestrated by Boko Haram insurgence today at heart the polity appears to have created porous security condition that engenders violence and retards develop workforcet. The basic question many Nigerians and foreigners ask is How has Boko Haram developed or underdeveloped Nigeria? This paper is thus an attempt to address this question posed above. But this paper walls that boko haram activities have not been of any good help to Nigeria hence, it has contributed to Nigerian underdevelopment specially the Yankee part of the country. Before we proceed, it is of ut just about necessity to clarify certain terms that will appear within this bright exposition. 2.0 CLARIFICATION OF TERMSAccording to Aristotle, ab initio disputandis, definitio nominis, (definition of terms is the beginning of any discussion.) hence, it is of paramount magnificence for us to clarify some of our key words that will frequently occur within the fabrics of this intellectual study. 2.0.1 Definition of Development and UnderdevelopmentAccording to Agbakoba, development denotes a sign of transmute, a purposeful or goal-oriented change. While in the words of Walter Rodney, development implies increased skill and capacity, greater freedom, creativity,self-discipline, responsibility and material well- beingness.more often than not, the term development is used in an exclusive stinting sense-the justification being that the type of economy is itself an index of former(a) favorable features. Hence, our definition of development here is from economic perspective. Development therefore, could be defined as the process of empowering people to maximise their potentials and their ability to explore nature in ordinate to meet daily human needs. It is a process by which the quality of human lives and capacity to get over daily needs are considerably improved. However, according to Rodney, underdevelopment is not absence of development, because every people have developed in one way or another and to a greater or lesser extent. Underdevelopment controls sense yet as a doer of comparing levels of development. So, underdevelopment implies inadequate development, low levels of economic productivity as compared to other developed countries or domains. 2.0.2 BOKO HARAMEtymologically, the term Boko Haram is made up of two contrastive words namely Boko and Haram. Boko is the Hausa word meaning western education while Haram is the Arabic word figuratively meaning sin and literally meaning forbidden or impermissible. Thus, the term when loosely translated means western education is forbidden. Boko Haram group propagates that western education is forbidden because it sees western education as debase the Muslims. However, Boko Haram group faces to me as a destructive political tool with a cosmetic p retension of being religious. Because Boko Haram group attempts not only to sow panic but also to undermine confidence in the political science and political leadership of Nigeria, it could also be called a Terrorist Group. Little wonder the US government though belatedly has confirmed Boko Haram as one the Terrorist groups in the world. (cf. Punch Newspaper on declension 1, 2013) 3.0 Nigeria and Boko Haram Insurgence An ExpositionSince freedom, Nigeria appears to have been bedevilled with ethno-religious conflicts. With over 400 ethnic groups, belonging to several religious sects, Nigeria since independence has been grappling and trying to cope with the problem of ethnicity and ethno-religious conflicts. Needless to say that, in May 1999, Nigeria returned to civil happen which wasaccompanied with fresh hopes and latent optimism Regrettably, the worst seems to have occurred due to current rise in Boko Haram uprising. Boko Haram insurgency is a destructive political tool with a co smetic pretension of being religious. Nigeria does not seem to have suffered only from the economic setbacks caused by Boko Haram bombings but also suffers from the battered image and humanitarian misfortune the group inflicted on her. For instance, between July 27, 2009 and February 17, 2012, Boko Haram has launched fifty three (53) attacks in which 1157 people were killed and hundreds of people injured in the Northern Nigeria. This indiscriminate and sporadic bombing seem to make Northern Nigeria increasingly unsafe and has compelled most non-indigenes of the character to relocate especially the Igbos.I therefore set out in this paper to argue with the following points, how the despicable activities of Boko Haram group have underdeveloped Nigeria. 4.0 How Boko Haram Underdeveloped Nigeria A Critical Analysis The fatal activities of the Islamic sect, Boko Haram, are crippling the economy of Nigeria especially the North and has stultified the developmental strategies of the count ry thereby go forth us in the abysmal plead of economic backwardness and underdevelopment. Although some may say that Boko Haram has some developmental characters because it has revealed the ineffectiveness of our force men, ensured checks and balances in government and has increased the rate development in the gray part of the country. But I stand here to refute such claims saying that Boko Haram (Terrorism) has been of no usefulness to Nigeria, earlier it has led to the underdevelopment of Nigeria with these points 4.0.1 InsecurityNo meaningful development will thrive in any environment where people are in constant fear of the unknown due to insecurity. This is the dismal state in which Boko Haram activities in the Northern Nigeria have left us. Needless to say that, the security situation in Nigeria has become so alarming, disturbing, and upsetting nowadays because of the recurrent attacks of these Boko Haram insurgents. The spate of insecurity in the Northern Nigeria has i mpact negatively on both the private and public sectors of the economy as many rail line men and traders have relocated their businesses from the region. This, though pathetically, has led to a massive underdevelopment of the North. This has warranted channelling of the bullion which would have beenused for other developmental strides to security in Nigeria annual budget. Little wonder the federal government spent 950 billion naira in 2013 only to combat insecurity caused by Boko Haram insurgence.Depopulation of the North and Overpopulation of the South Since current attack by Boko Haram group has become the order of the day in most Northern states, it has led to many Southerners and even some Northerners to relocate to the South for the sake of their life. This has led to the depopulation of the North and Overpopulation of the South hence decreasing the internal Revenue (1GR) of most Northern states thereby leaving the government with little or no money to carry out some develo pmental projects. In the other hand due to large influx of people to the South, it has led to environmental problems like overpopulation, dilapidation of existing infrastructures, deforestation, cultural breakdown etc. These make life in both regions unbearable hence pointing out that Boko Haram activities have succeeded in under growing both Northern and Southern part of the country. 4.0.3 Stifling of Economic and Social DevelopmentBoko Haram activities have led to dislocation of people from their business base, hence leading to disruption of economic activities. In Nigeria presently, the fear of Boko Haram is everywhere. fiscal and business activities have been paralysed as everyone live in fear. Banks and their customers are also operating under delicate situation and have reduced their business hours to guard against being attacked by members of the sect. In most states in the North, the devastating socio-economic effects of the sects sequential killings and bombings, especial ly in Borno, Yobe, Niger, Kaduna, Kano, Kogi, Bauchi, Sokoto etc., have destroyed economic and commercial activities with many people relocating to other places. It should then be noted that Boko Haram have not only led to closure and/or abandonment of peoples business activities within change region but also led to migration of people from the affected Region. It has also led to reduction of peoples patronage of product from the Northern Region.Also, the Boko Haram insurgence has reduced drastically government derivation from the affected region (IGR) due to restiveness in those places as well as reduced investment and growth of business in the affected places without excluding government executed project. Little wonder why the 2011 WorldInvestment narration of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development reported that stillness in business activities caused by insecurity in Kano State alone has cost the Nigerian economy N1.3trillion. Furthermore, Boko Haram activities have stifled social developmental programmes like youth employment, housing, health schemes, education, welfare services etc. in the Northern part of the country. In fact, almost all the states under Boko Haram rampage have been completely isolated economically, socially and politically. The resultant effect of these is underdevelopment of the country, especially the affected region. 4.0.4 Scaring Away of Foreign and Local InvestorsThe inimical uprising of Boko Haram has negatively affected the relationship between Nigeria and other Nations of the world. Incessant bombing coupled with kidnapping and hostage taking with or without demand for ransom by the members of Boko Haram has scared away both foreign and local investors from Nigeria, especially the Northern part of the country. In fact, this terrorist group has paralyzed the diplomatic relation between Nigeria and many countries of the world. The concomitant result of all these are poverty, low per capita income and underdevelo pment. 4.0.5 Reduction of Human resourcesThe crisis occasioned by Boko Haram has led to the death of many exuberant Nigerians thereby reducing the skilled and unskilled labour force of the country. The United Nation affirmed this presumption by saying that about 1,200 people have been killed since May 2013 when a state of emergency was tell in three North Eastern states (Cf. Punch Newspaper Dec 16, 2013 or Daily sunbathe of Dec 17, 2013. Aljazeera TV on September 30, 2013 reports that since 2009, an estimated 3,600 people have been killed through Boko Harams disastrous activities. We stub even talk of brutal Bama attack, 22 people killed in Catholic Church at Waga Chakawa resolution in Adamawa just last Sunday and myriads of other attacks perpetuated by Boko Haram insurgents at the end of 2013 and the beginning of 2014. either these lead to reduction of lives and properties worth over billions of naira and live our nation in the miserable state of underdevelopment. 5.0 milit ary rank AND CONCLUSIONFrom the above analysis, we can affirm without any fear of equivocation that Boko Haram has really underdeveloped Nigeria especially the Northern part of the country that is why socio-economic activities in the North have drastically been reduced. The implication is that the crisis is rather under-developing Northern region and threatens Nigerias prospect of joining the league of highly developed countries come the year 2020. Personally speaking, the impact of the activities of the Boko Haram group in Nigeria cannot be overemphasised. It retards economic growth and distorts socio-cultural equilibrium and leads to environmental deterioration. At the same time, it resurrects the issue of suspicion which led to the Nigerian civil war of 1967-1970 among three major value orientation groups in Nigeria. Regrettably, the activities of Boko Haram in Nigeria have paralysed almost all sectors of the countrys life and have distorted peace and stultified reformist devel opment of Nigeria. Boko Haram has really underdeveloped Nigeria.

Chemistry Design Prac Essay Example for Free

Chemistry conception Prac EssayInvestigate one chemistry related factor on the bending of the tranquil guide in the presence of a charged rodResearch questionHow give the amount of sentence spent rilebing a frappe rod affect the angle of disorderion of flowing piss in the presence of the charged crackpot rod?Background ResearchStatic electricity is make in contact with two objects, where one object do goods electrons from another, resulting in one object having a ap masterminded charge while the other having a negative charge. Some materials dispose to lose or gain electrons during contact with other objects. Materials with electrons bonded to it weakly, tend to lose electrons while materials with fewer electrons on the outer shell tend to gain electrons. Therefore, when an object is imbalanced of a positive or negative charge, it has static electricity.Polarity is the time interval of electric charges, cause when electrons are not equally shared in a iota. This is caused when some atoms in the molecule have a higher electronegativity than others, causing more electrons to be attracted to it, leaving one look of the molecule more negative than the other. An element or molecule with an electro negativity value of 0.5+ is considered to be polar.When a polar liquid such as pee is flowing in a presence of a charged rod, the liquid tend to bend towards the rod. This is because the rod get out either be positively or negatively charged, and the dipoles of the polar molecule exit be attracted to the charged rod. The charge on the rod is set by the material which is used to rub against it, however, it does not matter whether the rod is positively or negatively charged because either way, the opposite dipoles of the polar molecule will be attracted towards it, causing the flow of the liquid to bend towards the charged rod.Defining Independent and lowage covariantsIndependentThe amount of time rubbing the glass rod with a piece of silk. 10 se conds 20 seconds 30 seconds 40 seconds 50 seconds 60 secondsDependentThe angle of deflection of the flowing water will be measured with grid paper with a smallest increment of 1mm. A arguing will be drawn on the grid paper from the point where the glass rod was places to the point where the water was deflected. A protractor with a smallest increment of 0.5 degrees will be used to calculate the angle of deflection of the water.Controlling VariablesTable 1 Variables and Method of controlTypeVariableMethod of ControlControlledThe rate of the flow of waterAdjust the burette to deliver the smallest stream of water possible but without being discontinuous. The water will be kept flowing at the kindred rate, throughout the examine.The glass rodThe like glass rod with a diameter of 1cm will be used throughout the experiment.Pressure when rubbing the glass rodUse the same person to rub the glass rod against the silk, applying the same pressure all(prenominal) time.Placement of the glas s rodA melody will be grimeed on the grid paper so the glass rod will be placed at the exact point and the exact angle to the flowing water every time.Placement of the grid paperThe grid paper will be sticky taped to the burette and placed as close as possible to the flowing water. The same grid paper will be used and left at the same position throughout the experiment.Weather conditionsThe experiment will be conducted in a room with all windows closed and air conditioning switched off to rationalise effects atmospheric effects on the angle of deflection of the water.StopwatchThe one person will be using the same stopwatch every time to reduce systematic errors.MaterialThe same piece of silk cloth (20 cm in length, 15cm in width) will be used throughout the experimentThe experimentersThe same two people, (person with stopwatch and person controlling the glass rod) will conduct the experiment to suffer random errors in measurements and readings consistent.Materials and Equipments List 50 mL Burette 20cm x 15cm silk cloth 1cm diameter glass rod Distilled water 200 mL Beaker A4 Grid paper with increments of 1mm Protractor with increments of 0.5 degrees Retort Stand clamp compile Ruler Sticky tape Stop watchMethod1. Attach the clamp to the retort stand.2. accept the burette with distilled water to approx 1cm from the top and attach it to the clamp3. Draw a straight note on the grid paper with a ruler and sticky tape it to the bottom of the burette, lining up the line on the paper exactly with the flow of the water coming out of the burette.4. Also Draw a line 90 degrees towards the line if the flowing water but stopping at 0.5 cm from the line. This line will be where the charged glass rod will be placed5. Also mark the phone line (the tip of the burette, where the water comes out) on the grid paper6. Place the 200 mL beaker under the burette and let the water run down7. Start the timer on the stopwatch and simultaneously, lay out rubbing the glass rod ag ainst the piece of silk8. Stop the stop watch at 10 seconds and at once place the charged rod as close as possible to the line drawn on the grid paper9. Mark the angle of deflection of the water on the grid paper10. have a bun in the oven 1 minute until the rod is completely uncharged11. twin steps 6 912. Repeat the experiment from steps 6 10, changing the time rubbing the glass rod against the silk cloth by 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 seconds.13. Remove the grid paper and line up all the points of the deflected water to the origin14. Measure the angles with a protractor and record the results into the table below15. Pack up the experimentTable 2 Raw data tableTime charging the glass rodAngle of deflection of water running 1 ravel 2Trial 3Trial 4Trial 5Trial 6Average10 seconds20 seconds30 seconds40 seconds50 seconds60 secondsTable 3 Risks involved in the experiment and safety precautions to reduce the risksRiskSafety PrecautionAction to addressThe burette is very long and is made of glass and can be gloomy easily confuse the burette with two hands and always watch for obstacles when carrying around the research lab. Wear closed in shoes, lab coat and safety glasses in case the burette breaks.Carefully pick up the blown-up pieces of broken glass one by one and throw in the glass bin. Use a brush to sweep all the small bits into the bin. Make sure there is no remaining broken glass in the lab.Bibliography1. Columbia University Press (1978-1979). New Illustrated Columbia Encyclopaedia2. Neuss, Geoffrey (2007). Chemistry Course Companion. Oxford Oxford University Press.3. http//books.google.com.au/books?id=nkwM28diKF4Cpg=PT109lpg=PT109dq=deflection+charged+rodsource=blots=dk2TPy7IOfsig=g-MDZP6Q5kDsur57EIejpgJ54bghl=enei=48FrSp2bFIzusQOsy72WBQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=24. Department of Physics and Physical Science, University of Nebrasky, Kearney Falling Water http//rip.physics.unk.edu/CyberTextBook/fallingwater/5. http//books.google.com.au/books?id=nk wM28diKF4Cpg=PT109lpg=PT109dq=charged+rod+deflect+watersource=blots=dk2TQr4PPgsig=iwM-1qHxsAtaF9XoGZ1Mw9UCn6ghl=enei=OStsSqjFIo6qtgOT16WWBQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3