Concept Of Management And The Nature Of The Management Process Management Essay

Concept Of concern And The Nature Of The Management Process Management EssayOrganisation and the counseling activities inevitable for the funcyioning of the organisation, focal point croup be delineate as the wreak of provision, organizing, jumper spend and markling the resources of the organisation to preset stated organizational goals as productively as possible. A elliptical description of each of the fundamental vigilance functions leave al wiz pass on pardon the concept of wieldment and the nature of the trouble forge. readying domineering windOrganisingResourcesHumanFinancialPhysicalInformation featAchieve goalsProducts usefulnessProductivityProfitFigure 1 the four fundamental management functions constituting the management butt against.PlanningPlanning is the first feel of the function of management. Planning involves deciding in advance what has to be d wholeness, when, how and whom it has to be done and how the get outs atomic number 18 to be evaluat ed. The function of what has to be done involves identification of alternatives and selection of one of them. ticking to Henri Fayol, it is the plan of satisfy to be amounted, the stages to go by dint of and methods to use. It is kinds of onwardcoming picture w presentin proximate events ar bring outlined with round distinctness short whist remote events appear progressively less distinct. The term prep atomic number 18dness has been defined by unalike management thinkers who laid emphasis on the motley features of planning. fit to George R. Terry, planning is the selecting and relating of facts and the making and using of assumptions regarding the future in the visual image and provision of proposed activities believed necessary to achieve the desired results.A plan is the like a map, when you following a plan, you cigargontte always see how oftentimes you pack progressed towards your project goal and how far you ar from your destination. Knowing where you a tomic number 18 is essential for making dandy decisions on where to go or what to do next. The to the highest degree strategic is to ensure that everyone is pass water of what to accomplish. Planning entertaining is how set goals and formation the actions necessary to achieve the goals, in light of the situation. That is situation must(prenominal) be analyses or lowstood and the appropriate goals and actions must be situated in order to deal out advantage of opport unities and how to solve riddles. Basic management function involving formulation more(prenominal) than one detailed plans to achieve best balance of inevitably or demands with available resources.First, the planning process is identifies the goals or objectives to be achieved and formulates strategies to achieve them. The Managers throughout the organization must develop goals, strategy, and functional plans for their take on con chassiss that contri scarcely whene to the triumph of the organizations as a whole. Planning is besides crucial for meeting your necessitys during each action with your time, money, or former(a) resources. With careful planning you often can see if at some point you are likely to face a problem. It is much easier to jell your plan to avoid overcome crisis, rather than to deal with the crisis when it comes unexpected time. case Adidas plans to expand their operations in Europe, so they need consultation to the politics of Germany. They have been granted landing rights in Paris and are awaiting further details from authorities. In addition, planning has a distinct meaning depending on the political or economic context in which it is used. Two attitudes to planning need to be held in tension on the one afford we need to be prepare for what whitethorn lie ahead, which whitethorn mean contingencies and pliant processes.There is one thing on which every four-in-hand can expect to be appraised, the tip to which he or she annals his or her units goa ls or objectives. Whether its a practise team or a giant enterprise, the motorcoach in charge is expected to move the unit ahead, and this kernel visualizing where the unit must go and helping het on that point. arranging exits to achieve some mean, and if they fail to move forward and achieve their aims, to that extent they have failed.On the opposite hand, our future is shaped by consequences of our induce planning and actions. Planning in organization and public policy is twain the organizational process of creating and obligeing a program. In the psychological process of opinion more or less the activities required to set a desired tar outwit or goal on some surmount. Business planning is like pee to a thirsty plant. It keeps our pipeline vital and thriving. Without wrinkle planning, business volition never improve as it could may even lose or bankrupt. Many sm on the whole business or st any owners dont have the business planning so they cant earn so much gelt when their doing business. Their business unable further progress and stagnant it is, eventu completelyy as to close to close shop or behind new(prenominal) competitors.The quick of change in todays business world and globalization is making it progressively necessary that mangers keep their plans latest. Strategic management is the application of the basic planning process at the highest levels of the organization. Through the strategic management process, top management deposits the long-run counselor and procedure of the organization by ensuring careful formulation and strategies. For example, top management may ask middle and lower-level autobuss for inputs when formulation top-level plans. at once top-level plans have been finalized, different organizational units may be asked to formulate plans for their respective(prenominal) areas. A proper strategic management process helps ensure that plans throughout the different levels of the organization are coordinated and jointly supportive.The slogan of Adidas is undoable is Nothing. The direction of Adidas is to be Best Sport Brand in the world. They had achieved the mission merely in this strong competitive era, too many lodge like Nike and Reebok in addition want to be globally acknowledge brand, but they pass on work hard to achieve their goals. Adidas is passionate about all sports. So Adidas Company will try their best for planning unsanded product or equipment for athletes. As part of their End-to-End Planning enterprisingness they have been focusing on implementing an optimized demand planning process and dust more than 20 countries in Europe. They standardized or partially automatise received planning functions to profit betoken accuracy. Following the first tremble of implementations in 2008, they inhabitd the roll-out to the remaining European countries throughout 2009. Hereafter, they expect to continue the roll-out to an new(prenominal)(prenominal) find out Adidas Grou p markets such as Japan.They set up a dedicated Profitability Management discussion section to monitor macroeconomics trends, forecast the impact on product and supplier cost and devises their supply stove profitability strategy. In addition, their development teams withal contribute significantly to this initiative by engineering their products with a stronger focus on price. Throughout 2009, they also engaged their supplier with the aim to increase transparency and predictability in costing. such as, they closely tracked stinging material costs and leveraged this development to consolidate volumes. This allowed them to negotiate more in effect(p)ly and offset cost increase. In addition, their sourcing teams alter their products allocation process to better utilize suppliers capabilities and take into business relationship of summarize supply chain cost. Moreover, by leveraging consolidated volumes, their Transport and usance team success negotiated lose weightd transp ortation cost and optimized shipment routes with their service providers.In conclusion, planning is very chief(prenominal) for the organization to achieve their goals and objectives. Especially, current globalization every organization is using latest technology to do the market analyses and compressive planning. In order for them to survive and growth, for example, in year 2008, pecuniary crisis, many banks in US will decline bankrupt. This is because of their poor planning.OrganisingAccording to Haimann, Organisation is the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise and establishing the strength family among them. The study of Haimann mentioned definitions postulates it clear that on the one hand organization is a process to define and classify the functions to be performed for the attainment of the objectives of the organization, and on the other hand, it is an art to establish sweet relationship among different persons.There are two concept are preval ent about organisation. In the other word, there are two meaning of organizationOrganising as process According to the first concept of organising, it has been leaseed as a process. In the other word, organising is not function that can be performed at a atomic number 53 stroke, but it is a chain of sundry(a) functions. It includes getting information about objectives, deciding various activities and grouping them, determining important activities, allowing sanction and righteousness, etc. Organising is related to clement being and human conduct is deeply affect by the fix of work, their competency and capability, changes in the internal and external purlieu of the organisation. The process of organising has also to be changed according these changes. Hence, organising as a process can also be described as dynamic element.Organising s a mental synthesis of relationship according to this concept, organising is treated as a structure of relationship. chthonian this variou s posts are created or realised and the mutual relationship of employees on the job(p) on various posts, their authorities and responsibilities are defined. race lays down as to who is the skipper and who is the suppress. Various posts in different section of the organization are mostly permanent. Therefore, organisation as a structure of relationship is called static element.So far as the similarity surrounded by both the concepts is concerned, business organisation is looked upon as a group of different parts on a lower floor both the concepts. These parts are both conspicuous (like human, material, railcar and money) and intangible (like strength, accountability, function and objective). Both the concepts lay stress upon the asylum of relationship between these two parts.On the contrary, there are certain different between both the concepts. According to the concept of organizing as a process organizing is that function which continues throughout the existence of the enterprise and changes go on taking place in it. Herein man is the central point. In the other words, many factors affect them and changes have to be introduced accordingly. On the other hand, according to the concept of organizing as a structure of relationship, posts are effected in the organisation and authorities and responsibilities of each post are determined. Therefore, here under this concept more attention is paid to post which are stable than to men.In order to bed the organisation function of management, there are eight standards had to be taken. First step in the process is to know about the objectives of the enterprise. Although the determination of the objectives of an enterprise is done under the first function of management, i.e., planning but beforehand commencing the process of organizing clear and detailed information about these objectives has to be obtained. On the basis of the information about objectives various function designed to achieve these objectiv es are determined. For example, it can be the objectives of the enterprise to produce sport home. In this respect information about how many types of sport shoes will be construct, whether the necessary parts required for manufacturing sport shoes will be manufactured or purchased, how extensive the sales area will be or will it be state, the whole country or international? by and by having learnt about the objectives of the enterprise, necessary functions to achieve the objectives are determined. For example, a sport shoes manufacturing company can have different activities like purchase of raw material, purchase of manufactured parts production, advertisement, sales, arrangement of finance, research, accounts, correspondence, keeping stock of material, enlisting of employees, etc.. In order to achieve the objectives of the enterprise grouping of various activities is done. Under the grouping of activities all the similar type of activities are assumption to one particular depa rtment. For example, the activities like the purchase of raw material, purchase of ready- do parts, production, stocking the material, research, etc., are assigned to the production department. Similarly, advertisement and sales activities are given to the market department and department of finance take care of finance account and correspondence. Taking into consideration the importance and quantity of the work a department can be further divided into many branches or sub-departments. For example, under the department of production, purchase department, stock department, and research department, etc., can be realized to get the benefit of specialization. It makes the optimum utilisation of human and material resources possible. The forth step is to key activities signifies the importance of this activities in the achievement of the objectives of the enterprise. Such an activities needs special attention. It depends on the objectives on the organisation to determine the key activi ty. Thus, in all the organisations key activity can be different. In the given example of a sport shoes producing company the main problem can be of advertisement because only an effective and large scale advertisement can attract the attention of the consumers toward a new product. Thus, in this case the function of advertisement is the key activity which requires the utmost attention. For this purpose the advertisement activities should be taken from the purview of the marketing department and be handed over to the newly created advertisement department so that the original officers are in direct touch with this department and they are in a position to pay full attention to it.After dividing the various activities into different departments and sub-departments and having determined the activity that each somebody is expected to perform, his responsibility is fixed. In other words, what they are to do for the attainment of the objectives of the organisation. For example, the purch ase four-in-hand will be given the responsibility for the purchase of goods the sales four-in-hand will be responsible for sales the advertising carriage will be responsible for advertisement and the finance handler will take care of the responsibility of finance. A person who is saddled with a responsibility must be given some authority too. Authority means the freedom of taking decision, guiding the subordinates and the freedom of supervising and go outling. Authority should be in proportion to the work or responsibility. If the responsibility is greater than the authority given and is insufficient to cope with the responsibility, the responsibility cannot be discharged successfully. For example, if a marketing manager is assigned the responsibility of increasing sales but has not been given the authority to appoint sales representatives needed for the job, the increase in sales cannot be expected. So long as the authority to discharge the responsibility is not given, the per son concerned has not accountability. It is only after granting authority to an individual that he can be made accountable. When two or more than two persons work for the attainment o common goals their inter-relationship must be defined very clear. Everybody should know who is his superior and who is his subordinate? For example, the purchase manager will be the superior for all the employees of the purchase department. They will receive order from him and will also be responsible to him. On the other hand, the purchase manager will get orders from the General Manager and will be responsible to him. Defining cl beforehand(predicate) the inter-relationship helps in establishing coordination. Organising it is not only such an activity which includes determination of activities and the defining of the inter-relationship but it also ensure the optimum utilisation of human resources by providing physical resources and the right environment. For example, the factory and the office shoul d be located at a proper place so that the employees can perform better. drawsLeading is influencing people so that they will contribute to the organisation and group goals it has to do predominantly with the personal aspect of managing. All managers would agree that their most important problems arise from people-their desires and attitudes, their behavior as individuals and in groups-and those effective managers also need to be effective leaders. Since lead implies followership and people tend to follow those who offer a means of satisfying their own needs, wishes, and desires, it is understandable that in the lead involves motivation, leadership drifts and approaches, and communication.The tether and motivation function is concerned with the human resources at heart an organisation. Specifically, direct is the process of influencing people to work toward a common goal. want is the process of providing reasons for people to work in the best involvement of an organisation. Together, leading and motivation are often referred to as directing. We have already mention the importance of an organisations human resources. Because of this importance, leading and motivation are critical activities. Obviously, different people do thing for different reasons, then they have different motivation.The managerial function of leading is management as the art of getting things done willingly, with and through other individuals. Management is concerned with two key aspects, i.e., material resources or things and human resources or individuals. Material resources are hypersensitized to scientific or mechanical treatment because they are subject to the laws of mechanics. However, human resources cannot be subject to such treatment. Through the supply of leadership and the learning of cooperation, managers may evolve n effective method of integrating the interest of individuals and the business organisation.Management can expert its force play with or through indivi duals but never over them. In other words, authority may be imposed by managers from above. However, authority should be support, nourished and recognized by the subordinates from below for it to be meaningful and for it to work smoothly. The source of the power of management is the medium of leading, motivating, teaching, influencing, counseling, coaxing, delegating, and setting an example. Therefore, a manager plans, organizes, leads and control the employees working with him or her. The master key which leads to successful management of any business enterprise is motivation. It is responsible for ensuring productivity of human resources. It can make an individual carry out a particular activity. Thus, it assumes great importance in modern business management. Employees can be make a motiond by fiscal and non-financial incentives. The power of motivation is enhanced by effective communication and participation. puritanical information feedback is essential for effective motivati on and leading.Leaders are a special breed of individuals who can move people toward the attainment of ceremonious goals. Such power does not emanate through the use of pierce or fear. Only dictators apply force in order to lead people. True leaders inspire and motivate people to perform activities in line with the objectives of the organisation.According to the theory of Fiedler. Fred Fiedler assumes that it is not easy for managers to be flexible in their styles of management, especially if their management style has made them successful as managers. He argues that any attempt to change a managers style of leadership to conform to changing situation that help in determining effective leadership. These are leader-member relation. This is the most important influence on the effectiveness of the manager. A manager who is loved and respected by his subordinate can comfortably motivate them to accomplish the tasks. He does not have to use positive power on his subordinates. The tas k structure can clear-cut and step by step procedures or instructions on tasks provide the manager a greater authority. He can measure work cognitive process. On the other hand, if instructions are not clear, subordinates may disagree or question such instructions. Besides that, the position power also important. The power of the person depends on his position. For example, presidents of corporations, comptrollers, or budget officer have high-position power.According to Path-goal theory, this was formulated by Robert House and Martin Evans. This theory is based on the mindset of rewards. The source of reward is the leader. Thus, the manager should reward the good service or performance of his subordinate in order to influence them to work on established objectives. Rewards are in the form of promotion and pays, as thoroughly as support, throw outment, security, and respect.However, leadership styles also affected the motivation to the subordinate. A leader using the suitable lead ership styles will lead the subordinate makes a best task performance. Leadership was viewed as a combination of genius traits, such as self-confidence, concern for people, intelligence, and dependability. Achieving, a consensus on which traits were most important was difficult, however, and attention turned to styles of leadership behavior. In the last few decades, several(prenominal) styles of leadership have been identified authoritarian, laissez-faire, and parliamentary. The authoritarian leader holds all authority and responsibility, with communication usually moving from top to bottom. This leader assigns doers to specific tasks and expects orderly, on the button results. At the other extreme is the laissez-faire leader, who gives authority to employees. With the laissez-faire style, subordinate are allowed to work as they choose with a minimum of interference. conversation flows horizontally among group members. Leader as laissez-faire style gives employees as much freed om as possible to develop new products. The democratic leader holds final responsibility but also delegates authorities to others, who determine work assignments. In this leader styles, communication is active upward and downward. Employee loading is high because of participation in the decision-making process. This style of leadership use to encourage employees to become more than just rank-and-file workers.The Adidas set up their way to leading the company, to make their brand more famous. They improve their quality of product to make their product become more good and durable. Adidas not only manage their way on production, they also have a good leading in the process of production. Adidas patient to leading and manage their employee from first step process of production to the end process of production, this cause their company can become so success and famous in today. If have a good leader, is the reason that will success in any condition .So that, if need a good team is cant without a good leader.Conclusion, leading is a process that cant less when doing anything. Leading is important to organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. When have a good leader, the team have the high percentage to complete their work with nicely or perfectly.ControllingControlling is the process of evaluating and legislation ongoing activities to ensure that goal are achieved. To see how controlling works, consider a rocker launched by NASA to place a satellite in orbit. Do NASA personnel simply fire the rocket and then check back in a few days to find out whether the satellite is in place? Of course not. The rocket is monitored constantly and its course is regulated and adjusted as needed to get the satellite to its destination.Controlling is the management function in which performance is measured and condemnive action is taken to ensure the accomplishment of organizational goals. It is the policing operation in management, although the manager seeks to creat e a positive climate so that the process of control is accepted as part of routine activity. Controlling is also a forward- looking process in that the manager seeks to anticipate and prevent it.The manager initiates the control function during the planning phase, when possible deviation is anticipated and policies are developed to help ensure uniformity of practice. During the organizing phase, a manager may consciously introduce the deadly parallel arrangement as a control factor. Close supervision and a tight leadership style reflect an aspect of control. Through reward and positive sanctions, the manager seeks to motivate workers to conform, thus limiting the amount of control that must be imposed. Finally, the manager develops specific control tools, such as critique, visible control charts, work counts, special reports, and audits.The basic control process involves three phases that are cyclical establishing standards, measuring performance, and correcting deviation. In the f irst step, the specific units of measure that delineate bankable work are determined. Basic standards may be started as faculty hours allowed per activity, speed and time limits, quantity that must be produced, and number of errors or rejects permitted. The second step in the control process, measuring performance, involves comparing the work (i.e. the goods produced or the service provided) against the standard. Employee evaluation is one aspect of this measurement. In manufacturing, revaluation of goods is a routine part of this process studies of client satisfaction are key elements when services are confused. Finally, if necessary, remedial action is taken, including retraining employees, repairing equipment, or changing the quality of the raw materials used in a manufacturing process. some(prenominal) features are necessary to ensure the adequacy of control process and tools timeliness The control device should reflect deviation from the standard promptly, at an early stage , so there is only a small time tuck away between detection and the beginning of corrective action.Economy If possible, control devices should involved routine, normal processes rather than special inspection routines at additional expense. The control device must be worth their cost.Comprehensiveness The controls should be order at the basic phases of the work rather than later levels or travel in the process for example, a detective part is best inspected and eliminated before it has been assembled with other parts.Specificity and appropriateness The control process should reflect the nature of the activity. proper(ip) laboratory inspection methods, for example, differ from the financial audit and machine inspection processes.Objectivity The process should be grounded in fact, and standards should be known and verifiable. state Control should reflect the authority- responsibility pattern. As far as possible, the worker and the immediate supervisor should be involved in the mon itoring and chastisement process.Understandability Control devices, charts, graphs, and reports that are complicated or cumbersome will not be used readily.Controlling activities require the manager to maintain a mindset that continually looks for ways to improve individual, team, and organizational performance. Performance standards describe a model of excellence for work activities and serve as the basis of comparison between actual and desired work performance. different important controlling functions are continual employee feedback and employee performance appraisal activities. Employee performance appraisals must be ongoing objective and based on established performance standards. A manager should never wait until the annual performance review to discuss problem or deficiencies with a staff member. Consistent, periodic feedback and coaching about job performance clarifies expectations, improves the quality of work, and allows the manager to correct problems before they beco me serious.Coordination of elements of a system is one aspect of managerial control to reach effective outcomes. Other managerial control elements are financial management, compliance, quality and risk management, feedback mechanisms, performance management, policies and procedures and research and trend analysis. These elements are used by managers to communicate to reach a goal, track activities toward the goal, engage behaviors, and coordinate efforts and decide what to do. Managerial coordination and control are important to the success of any organization (McNamare, 1999a, 1999d). Ongoing, careful review using standardized documents, information processing systems, and standardized measured avoids drift and the waste of time and resources that occur when direction is vague. Well-exercised, managerial control is flexible enough to allow innovation insofar present enough to effectively structure groups and organization toward goal attainment.The management function of controlli ng involves the feeding back of information about the result and outcomes of work activities, combined with activities to follow up and compare outcomes with plans. Appropriate adjustments need to be made wherever outcomes vary or deviate from expectations (Hersey et al., 2001). The controlling function of management has been described as a constant process of reevaluation to see whether what is the currently occurring meets needs, plans, and standards, as well as to identify where amelioration might be a benefit (Kepler, 1980).According to the case study, Adidas has strongly controlled over its own distribution channel. Adidas policy is to control and monitor unsafe substance to protect human health and environment one of those is to eliminate PVC making progress in finding substitutes like polyurethane, ethyl radical vinyl, silicones thermoplastic rubber. Adidas also provide training sessions on employment standards and HR systems, health and safety is important for company. E stablishing teams to manage and monitor SARS in Asia factory, washing station, disinfectant units. Finally Adidas protects and support the rights of its employees by following all the current employment laws. (Jaswinder, S, 2009)Adidas strategy emphasized Total Quality Management, supported by integrated software systems and code-related labour practices as devices used to reduce unit costs. Monthly monitoring of machine usage and waste reduction, machine leasing and sharing across the five components that comprise the group and a more transparent purchasing system also helped to increase recent performance. (Lopito, 2008)